Example 2. Biber, Mystery Sonata 7 (ca. 1678), Allemande, mm. 1–4. The top staff, which reproduces Biber’s original handgrip notation, indicates the violin’s tuning and the placement of the player’s fingers. The middle staff shows the sounding results

Audio Example 1. Biber, Mystery Sonata 7, Allemande, mm. 1–4 (performed by Andrew Manze and Richard Egarr)