Dissertation Index
Author: Zamzow, Beth Ann Title: The Influence of the Liturgy on the Fifteenth-Century English Carols Institution: The University of Iowa Begun: June 1998 Completed: May 2000 Abstract: The poetry of the fifteenth-century English carols is permeated with quotations and paraphrases from the liturgy of the Use of Salisbury. The high level of erudition of the text authors is evident in the sensitive conflation of liturgical quotations and scriptural allusions and in the sophisticated constructions of the carol poetry. Music of the liturgy is incorporated into carols containing quotations of liturgical texts in about 35 percent of the repertory. The extent of a direct quotation ranges from an entire chant to selected phrases. Paraphrase by amplification involves ornamental insertions between quoted pitches; in contrast, paraphrase by reduction uses selected pitches to preserve the contour of the chant within the melodic and polyphonic fabric of the carol. Reflections of mode and other structural similarities represent a broad type of liturgical paraphrase and, in some cases, prove to be the most intellectually stimulating. The dissertation is organized as follows: The introduction is an extensive analytical overview of the carol repertory at large. Part One is an apparatus through which as many liturgical, patristic and scriptural allusions as possible are identified and linked to a specific carol text; the texts are reproduced on the page preceding each apparatus. Presenting the texts in this format illustrates to the reader the high degree to which the carols are saturated with these allusions. Following the text apparatus are musical examples illustrating the plainchant quotations, paraphrases and other similarities in the music of 45 carols. Part Two is a set of essays designed to define the techniques and delineate the multifaceted issues of the quotation and paraphrase techniques. Each language combination is addressed as well as topics such as metrical and non-metrical liturgical source texts, the commonality of subject matter, and the levels of saturation. The appendices contain liturgical source texts, an alphabetical list of liturgical quotations in the carol poetry, and fresh translations of the Latin carols. Keywords: Sarum, Salisbury, mass, office, Latin, macaronic, English, quotation, paraphrase, hymn TOC: INTRODUCTION An Overview of the Repertory The Four Principal Carol Manuscript Sources The Musical Style of the 15th-Century Carol The Assignment of Mode in the Carol Music Counterpoint in the Carols Cadence Structures and Ornaments The Liturgy and the Church Year Foundations for Liturgical Texts The Use of Salisbury Review of the Scholarship Methodology PART ONE. CAROL TEXTS AND MUSIC EXAMPLES CHAPTER I. Carol Texts Ordered According to their Liturgical Associations Advent Nativity Christmastide Saints Epiphany Carols Carols Related to the Virgin Mary Other Liturgies Secular Topics CHAPTER II. Musical Examples of Quotation and Paraphrase PART TWO. TECHNIQUES OF QUOTATION AND PARAPHRASE OF TEXT AND MUSIC CHAPTER III. Quotation of Text The Latin Carols Liturgical Quotation in the Latin Carols The Macaronic Carols Liturgical Quotation in the Macaronic Carols CHAPTER IV. Paraphrase of Text Latin Liturgical Paraphrase in the Latin Carols Paraphrased Latin Lines in the Macaronic Carols CHAPTER V. Translation of Text The Extent of the English Poetry in the Macaronic Carols Translation of Liturgical Materials in the Macaronic Carols CHAPTER VI. Quotation and Paraphrase of Music Range of Possibilities Direct Quotations Paraphrase by Amplification Paraphrase by Reduction Reflections of Mode, Contour and Cadence and Other Similarities Contact: 1269 Rainbow Blvd. Hiawatha, Iowa, USA 52233 zamzow.ken@mcleodusa.net (319) 393-0049 |